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Chapter 5 - Introduction to Windows Installation & Operating Systems

Learn about operating system basics, Windows 10/11 installation, disk partitioning (NTFS/FAT32), multiboot, and system recovery with video tutorials.

2026-08-21 · 5 min read

#fundamental#computer#windows#installation#os#partition
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Hello my friend! Today we learn together Chapter 5: Introduction to Windows Installation with simple step-by-step explanation and video tutorials in Khmer language! Hope you learning this lesson and get more knowledge from this! Let's enjoy it!

If you want to see all lessons list, check out All Chapters of Computer Fundamentals! Now let's get started!

Chapter 5 - Introduction to Windows Installation

1. What is an Operating System (OS)?

An Operating System (OS) is the main system software that controls computer hardware, manages file storage, and allows software apps to run.

  • CLI (Command Line Interface) : Type text commands to control computer (like MS-DOS or Command Prompt).
  • GUI (Graphical User Interface) : Click icons, buttons, and windows using mouse (like Windows 10, Windows 11, or macOS).

4 Main Functions of OS:

  1. Hardware Access : Controls drivers for CPU, RAM, GPU, and keyboard.
  2. File & Folder Management : Organizes files on hard disk/SSD drive.
  3. User Interface : Gives visual GUI screen for user to click and type.
  4. Application Management : Runs software programs like Chrome browser, Word, or games.

Watch Video Tutorial (Part 1: OS Basics & Types)

2. Desktop vs Network Operating Systems

  • Desktop OS : Designed for single user at home or office (Windows 10/11, macOS, Linux Ubuntu).
  • Network OS (NOS) : Designed for corporate server networks to manage multi-user security, active directory, and file servers (Windows Server, Red Hat Linux Enterprise).

Minimum Hardware Requirements for Windows 11:

  • 1 GHz Dual-Core 64-bit CPU
  • 4 GB RAM
  • 64 GB Storage Drive
  • UEFI Boot with TPM 2.0 Security Chip enabled in BIOS

💡 Pro Tip: Always check your PC hardware specs before buying a new Windows license! Installing Windows 11 on unsupported old PC may cause slow speed.

Watch Video Tutorial (Part 2: Hardware Requirements & Compatibility)

3. Installing Windows & Disk Partitioning

Before installing fresh Windows OS onto storage drive, you must set up disk partitions and file system:

  • File Systems :
    • NTFS : Modern default Windows file system (supports large files over 4GB, security permissions, and encryption).
    • FAT32 / exFAT : Great for USB flash drives compatible with Windows, Mac, and TV boxes.
  • Data Migration : Always backup user photos, documents, and files to external drive BEFORE formatting C: drive!

⚠️ Installation Warning: Formatting C: drive during Windows setup will ERASE all data inside desktop and documents folder! Make sure you backup your files first!

Watch Video Tutorial (Part 3: OS Installation & Disk Setup)

4. Custom Installation, System Recovery & Windows Registry

  • Disk Cloning & Imaging : Copy 1 master Windows setup image onto 50 computers in company lab automatically.
  • System Recovery : Use System Restore Point or Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE) to fix PC when Windows fails to boot.
  • Windows Registry (regedit) : Central database storing system configuration, hardware settings, and software options.

Watch Video Tutorial (Part 4: Cloning, Recovery & Registry)

5. Multiboot & Disk Management Utility

  • Multiboot : Install 2 operating systems on 1 PC (e.g. Windows 11 + Linux Ubuntu dual boot choice screen on startup!).
  • Disk Management Tool (diskmgmt.msc) : Windows built-in utility to shrink partition, create new D: drive volume, change drive letters, and format drives.

💡 Pro Tip: Press Win + X key on keyboard and select Disk Management to easily split 1 big SSD into C: drive (for Windows) and D: drive (for Data storage)!

Watch Video Tutorial (Part 5: Multiboot & Disk Management)

6. Directory Structures, File Attributes & Extensions

  • System File Locations :
    • C:\Windows\ : Stores critical operating system files.
    • C:\Program Files\ : Stores installed 64-bit software apps.
    • C:\Users\YourName\ : Stores Desktop, Documents, Downloads, and Pictures folders.
  • File Extensions : .exe (executable app), .docx (Word document), .png (image), .pdf (document).
  • File Attributes : Read-only, Hidden, System file permissions.

Watch Video Tutorial (Part 6: Directory Structure & File Attributes)

💡 Want to learn more? Check full lesson list here: All Chapters of Computer Fundamentals!

Happy learning Windows installation and OS concepts, my friend!

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